演讲的四个目标

l 提供信息

to offer information;

l 使听众感到乐趣

to entertain the audience;

l 动之以情

to touch emotions;

l 使听众行动起来

to move to action;

演讲切忌

1. 语速太快; talking too rapidly;

2. 声音单调； speaking in monotone;

3. 声音尖细； using too high a vocal pitch;

4. 谈得太多，说得太少；

talking and not saying much;

5. 感情不充分；

presenting without enough emotion or passion;

6. 对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;

talking down to the audience;

7. 夸张的词语使用得太多；

using too many "big" words;

8. 使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；

using abstractions without giving concrete examples

9. 使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；

using unfamiliar technical jargon;

10. 使用俚语或粗俗语；

using slang or profanity;

11. 演讲无组织，散乱无序；

disorganized and rambling performance;

12. 说话绕弯子，不切中主题

indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush；

怎样与听众交流

l 要有值得交流的观点；

a message worth communicating;

l 引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；

gain the listeners' attention: capture their interest and build their trust;

l 重视理解；

emphasize understanding;

l 获得反馈；

obtain their feedback;

l 注意声调，要有感情；

watch your emotional tone;

l 说服听众；

persuade the audience;

怎样变得自信

l 微笑并看着观众

smile and glance at the audience；

l 开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态

start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;

l 开场白说一些真诚话

open your speech by saying something very frankly;

l 穿上自己最好的衣服

wear your very best clothes;

l 对自己说一些积极的话

say something positive to / about yourself

怎样组织演讲

l 要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；

to have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;

l 将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据

to label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;

l 使用卡片；

to use note cards;

怎样使用卡片

l 在卡片的右上角标上数字；

number your cards on the top right;

l 在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；

l write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;

l 其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；

l write up to five key words on other cards;

l 用颜色来标记你想强调的词；

l use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;

l 在某一处提醒自己查看时间。

l remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.

演讲指南

l 预先计划好

plan well in advance.

l 保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色

make sure you fully understand your role in the program.

l 认真地构思演讲，使其结构符合逻辑

devote care to structuring your speech logically.

l 认真设定适当的基调

devote care to setting the proper tone.

如何开头

l 讲个（自己的）故事

to tell a story (about yourself).

l 对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢

to acknowledge the occasion of the gathering.

l 称赞一下听众

to pay the listeners a compliment.

l 引用名人名言

to quote

l 使用一些不平常的数据

to use unusual statistics.

l 问观众一个挑战性的问题

to ask the audience a challenging question；

l 播放录像带或看幻灯片

to show a video or a slide.

如何结尾

l 重复你的开头

to repeat your opening.

l 概括你的演讲

to summarize your presentation.

l 以趣事结尾

to close with an anecdote.

l 以号召行动结尾

to end with a call to action.

l 以反问结尾

to ask a rhetorical question.

l 以一个陈述句结尾

to make a statement.

l 展示演讲大纲

to show an outline of your presentation.

眼神交流

l 眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；

move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;

l 眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴

look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;

l 找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；

look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;

l 如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。

imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.

紧张的典型特征

l 手放在口袋里

hands in pockets

l 眨眼次数过多

increased blinking of the eyes ；

l 害怕眼神的接触

failure to make eye contact；

l 舔嘴唇和抿嘴唇

licking and biting of the lips ；

l 敲叩手指

finger tapping ；

l 手势又急又快

fast, jerky gestures

如何使用手势

l 手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；

point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;

l 尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示

size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;

l 手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字

gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;